乐于官网职业肌肉筋骨劳损引起疼痛 松筋动骨可以解救

　　要求yao解除shang的shangde痛tong楚chu，「song筋jin动dong骨」是shi很hen重zhong要yao的de一yi环huan，只有zhi有you让rangJinjian恢hui复fu原yuan有youde柔rou韧renduo，cai才能neng发fa挥hui保护hugu头toude作zuoyong，再zai配pei适合shi当dangde外wai治zhi法fa(针zhen灸jiuiui)、手shou法fa推tuinanananana、外wai应用于fu中zhong、拔ba罐guan、脉冲chong治疗zhiaoo、刮gua痧sha、扩展shen展zhan等deng)和he处chu方fang中zhongyao，调tiao理li身shen体ti机jing可以neng，ke有you效xiao解xie除chu肌jirou筋jinjian等deng软ruan组zu织zhideng痛tong，效xiao果guo相xiang当dang显示xiang。

　　都du市shiren在zai日richang生sheng活huo或huo工gong作zuo时shiduo不bu注zhu重zhong姿zishi，加jiashang长zhang期qi进入jing行xing重zhong复fude动dong作zuo，引yin导致zhi肌ji肉rou筋jin骨gu长zhang期qi被shou压ya，经jingluo不bu通tong则ze痛tong，长jiu和er长jiuzhi身shen体ti各ge部bu位weideng痛tong后pian会kuai相xiang继ji出chu现xian，严yan重zhong影ying响xiang日ri常chang生sheng活huo和ji工gong作zuo，jiu实际上jing我的women可以ke以yizenyang减jiang轻qing这zhexie痛tong楚chuni？

　　*本ben文wen内nei容rong仅jin供gong参加shen考试kao，每个genren的de身shen体tizhuangkuang都有you不bie，治疗zhiliao前qian请qing咨询xun医yi生sheng或huo中zhong医yishi的de专zhuan业yeyi。　　以yi下xia是shi两liangwei患huanzhe分fen享受xiang他们men身shen体ti个别bie部bu位wei出现chiang痛tongzheng的de原yuan因yin，于yu接受jieshou「三san联lian法」、正zhong手shou法fa推tui、针zhen灸jiu等deng外wai治zhi法fa，加jiashang服fu，用yong处chu方fang中zhong药yao后hou，痛tongzheng显示ming显示xian有yousuo改变gai善shan。

　　我在wo国guo中zhongyao饮yin片pian管guanlifififi标biao准zhun体ti系xi

　　李li美mei英ying，李li先xian元yuan*.我在wo国guo中zhongyao饮yin片pian管guanlifififi标biao准zhun体ti系xi[J].在zhong国guo食yipin药yaopin监督jian监督.2021.06(209)：32-39.

　　国guo家jia中zhong药yaopin种zhong保bao保护hushen评论

　　国guo家jia市shi场chang监督du管guanglizong局ju食yiping评论ping中zhong

　　国guo家jia中zhong药yaopin种zhong保bao保护hushen评论

　　国guo家jia市shi场chang监督du管guanglizong局ju食yiping评论ping中zhong

　　药物pin监督jian管理;政zheng策;中zhongyao饮yin片

　　中zhongyao饮yin片是shi中zhong医yi用yong药yao的de核hu心xin物wu质zhi基ji础chu。我wo国guo目mu前qian对dui中zhong药yao饮yin片piande监jiandu管guan理li，形状xing成chengliao以yi“中zhong医yi药yao法fa”、“药yao产品pin管guan理li法fa”为wei核hunxin，包bao包括kuo《药yao品pin管guanli法fa实shi施shi条tiao例li》、《药yaopin生shengchangliangliguifan》(GMP)、《药yao品pin经jingyingzhilinglianglinglingliguing范fan》(GSP)、《中zhongyao材料cai生sheng生changliang管guangliguing(试shi行xing)》(GAP)和he《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》等deng行xing法fa规gui、部bu门men规gui章zhang和he质zhi量liang标biao准zhun在zainei中的de监jian管guan体ti系xi。本ben文wen针zhen对dui性xing梳shu理li和he归guinaliao国guo家jia政zheng策ce、fa法律lv法律fa规格、bu门men规则、zhong质zhi量liang标biao准zhun和ji规guifang文wenjiang中的zhong，在dui中zhongyao饮yin片pian在zai生sheng、流liu通tong、经jin营ying、使shi用yong等deng方fang面miandeguan理li要求yao求qiu，为wei进jin一yi步bu做zuo好haozhong药yao饮yin片piandezhi量liang管guan理li提ti，供gong参加shen考试kao。

　　中zhong药yao饮yin片pian是shi中zhong医yi用yong药yao的de核hu心xin物wu质zhi基jichu。我wo国guo目mu前qian对dui中zhong药yao饮yin片piande监jiandu管guan理li，形状xing成chengliao以yi“中zhong医yi药yao法fa”、“药yao产品pin管guan理li法fa”为wei核hunxin，包bao包括kuo《药yao品pin管guanli法fa实shi施shi条tiao例li》、《药yaopin生shengchangliangliguifan》(GMP)、《药yao品pin经jingyingzhilinglianglinglingliguing范fan》(GSP)、中zhongyao材料cai生shengchangliangling( 　　drug supervision; policies and regulations; Chinese herbal pieces

zhi药yao产品pin在zai生sheng、经jin营ying、流liu通tong等deng领导ling域yu的de实shi施shi细xize和he操cao作zuo规gui范fan。在zai中，zhong药yao饮yin片pian监jian管guan方fang面mian，规guifan性xing文wen件jian发fan挥hui，zhuo重zhong要yao作为zuoyong。总zong之zhi，我wo国guo中zhong药yao饮yin片pian法falv规gui范fanyi初chu具ju规gui模mu，成cheng为wei中zhong药yao饮yin片pian监jian管guan执zhi法fande重zhong。

试shi行xing)(GAP)和he《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》等deng行xing法fa规gui、部bu门men规gui章zhang和he质zhi量liang标biao准zhun在zainei中的de监jian管guan体ti系xi。与jiao全quan面miandiguidingliao包bao包kuo中zhongyao在zai内neideyao品pin研yan相比，《药yaopin管guanlili法fa》、sheng生产chang、经jin营ying、使shi用yong和he监jian监督du管guan理li。GMP、GSP、GAP 日ri，十shi二er届jie全quan国guo人ren大da常chang委wei会hui第di二er十shi五wu次ci会hui议yi审议yi通过guoliao，中zhong华hua人ren共gong和he国guo中zhong医yi药yao法fa，在zaizhong医yi药yao发fa展zhan史shi上，shang具有youlili程cheng碑beishideyi，第di一yi次ci从cong法fa律lv层ceng面mianming确认que，liao中zhong医yi药yaode重zhong要yaodi位wei、发fa展zhan方fang针zhen和he扶fu持chi措cuo施shi，为wei中zhong医yi药yao事shi行业ye发fa展zhan提tigongliao法fa律lv保bao障zhang，对于dui医yi疗liao机ji构gou，shi使用yong中zhong药yao饮yin片piandeguili规guiding也更geng加jia明ming确认que。2019年nian8 　　国guo家jia高gao度duo重zhong视shi中zhong药yao管guan理li，近jin年nian来lai，在zai中，zhong药yao政zheng策cefa规guide完成wan善shan和yu提ti高gao方fang面mian成为cheng绩ji卓zhuoran。2016 nian12月yue25年 年nian12 月yue1 日ri开kai开始shi施shi行xing。《药yaopin管guan理li法fa实shi施shi条tiao例li》自zi2002 年nian8 月yue4 日ri中zhong华hua人ren民间min共gong和he国guo国guo务wuanyuan使lingdi360 号hao公gong布bu后hou，li经jing2016 2019年nian和he 日ri，新xin修xiu订dingde《中zhong华hua人ren民间共gong和he国guo药yao品pin管guan理li法fa》经jing十shi三sanjie全quan国guo人ren大dang委wei会hui第di十shi二erci会hui议yi表biao决jue通过guo，修xiu订ding后houde“药yao品pin管guan理li法fa”共gong计jing一yi百bai五wu十shi五wu条tiao，包bao包括kuo药yaopin研究yan制zhi和yu注zhu册ce、药yao品pinshangshi许xu可ke持有chiyou人ren、药物yao产品pin生shen产品chan、药物yao品pin通过jin营ying、yiliao机ji构gou药yao事shi管guan理lilili、药yao品pinshangshi后hou管guan理lili、药yao产品pin宣xuan传zhuan和he推tui广guang以yi和ji储chu准备bei和he为gong应ying等denghuan节jie，于yu2019 　　1.1《中zhong医yi药yao法fa》

年nian二liang次ci修xiu订ding。《药yao品pin管guan理li法fa》和《药yao品pin管guan理li法fa实shi施shi条tiao例li》对duizhong药yao饮yin片piande生sheng、流liu通tong、使shi用yong和ji法fa律lv责任rendu有youliao明ming确认que规则gui定ding，正zhengshi确que立lizhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng产chan企qi业ye要yao履lv行xing药yao品pin上shangshi许xu可ke持chi有you人rende义yi务wu，并且bing将dui假jia药yao劣lie药yao提到chu清qing清xi的de界jie定ding标biao准zhun。在zai这个ci基ji基chushang上，国guo家jiayou出chutai一yi系列lie鼓gulizhong医yi药yao传zhuan承担cheng创chuang新xin发fangzhang的de政zheng策ceguiding，为wei中zhong医yiao发fan展zhan创建chuang造zaoliang好hao外wai部bu环huangjing。

日ri开kai开始shi实shi施shide“中zhong华hua人ren民间min共gong和he国guo中zhong医yiyao法fa”[1]，内nei容rong包bao包括kuo中zhong医yiao服务wu服务、保bao护hu和yu发fa展zhan、人才cai培养yang、学习xue研究yan研究j、传zhuan承cheng传zhuan播bo、he保bao保护huao施shi等deng内nei容rong，体ti现xian了liao对dui中zhong医yi药yao事shi业ye发fanzhande重zhong视shi乐于官网。第di二er十shi七qi条tiao提出chu，支zhi持chi和he鼓励li炮pao制zhi工gongyi和he研yan研究jiu，即ji，国guo家jia保bao保护hu中zhong药yao饮yin片pian传zhuan统tong炮pao制zhizhu和he工gongyi，支zhi持chi应ying用yong传zhuan统tong工gongyipao制zhi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，鼓励li运yun用yong现代dai科ke学习xue技jizhu开kai展zhan中zhong药yao饮yin片pian枪pao制zhizhu研究yan研究jiu。第di二er十shi八ba条tiaoming确实que对dui医yi疗liao机ji构gou使shi使用yong中zhong药yao饮yin片piandeguan理li，gui定ding医学yiao机ji构gou炮pao制zhi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian要yao实shi行xing备bei案an制zhi，即ji，在dui市shi场chang上shang没有you供gong应ying的de中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，医yi治疗liao机ji构gou可ke以yi根gen根据ju本ben医yi治疗liao机ji构gou医yishi处chu方fangde需要xuyao，在zai本ben医yi治疗liao机ji构gou内nei炮pao制zhiao、使shi使用yong。医学yi治疗liao机ji构gou应ying当dang遵zun守shou中zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi的de有you关guan规gui定ding，zhong药yao饮yin片piande质zhi量liang对dui其qi炮pao制zhide负fu责ze，保bao证zheng药yao产品pinan全quan。医yi治疗liao机ji构gou炮pao制zhizhi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，应ying当dang到xiangsuodidi设she区qu的de市shi级ji人ren民政zheng府fu药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guangbu门men备beiian。根gen根据ju临lin床chuang使用yong药yao需要xu要yao，医yi治疗liao机ji构gou可以ke，yi用ping本ben医yiao机ji构gou医yiaoshidedechu方fang对dui中zhong药yao饮yingping进入jingxing。第di五wu十shi六lu条tiaozeming确实queliao医yi疗liao机ji构gou使shi使用yong中zhong药yao饮yin片piandefa律lv负责zeren，即ji，违反wei反fan本ben法fa规guiding，ju办ban中zhong医yi诊zhensuon、在zhi中，zhongyao饮yin片、委wei托tuo配pei制zhi中zhong药yao制zhi剂ji应ying作为dang备bei案an，er不准备bei案an，或者huozhe备bei案an时shi提ti供gong虚xu假jia材cai料liaode，you中zhong医yi药yao主zhu管guan部bu门men和heyao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men按照zhao各ge自zhizhi责ze分fen工gong责ze让ling更改gai正zheng，没有mo收shou违反wei法fa所suodei，bing处chu三san万wan元yuan以yi下xia罚fa款kuan，向xiangshe会hui公gong告诉gao相xiang关guan信xin息xing;拒绝ju不bu改gai正zheng的de，责令ling停止ting停止zhi执行zhi工业ye活huo动dong或huozhe责令ling停止ting停止zhi炮pao制zhi中zhong药物yao饮yin片piang、委wei托tuo配pei制zhi中zhong药yao制zhiji活huo动dong，其qi直zhi接jie责任ze任ren人ren员yuan五wu年niannnnei不budei从cong事shi中zhong医yi药yangxiang关guan活huo动dong。

　　2017 年nian7 月yue1 　　第di二er十shi四si条tiao规gui定ding，在zai中zhong国guo境jing内nei上shang市shide药yao产品ping，应ying作为dang，经jing国guo务wu院yuan药yao品pin监督jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men批准pi准zhun，取qu得dei药yao品pin注zhu册ce证zheng书shung;但是dan是shi，未wei实shi施shi审shen批pi管guan理li的de中zhong药yao材cai和he中zhong药yao饮yin片pian除chu外wai。实shi施shi审批pi管guan理lide中zhong药yao材caiai、中zhong药yao饮yin片pian品pin种zhong目mu录lu由you国guo务wu院yuan药yao品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men会hui与tong国guo务wu院yuan中zhong药yao主zhu管guan部bu门men制zhi定ding。第di3san十shi九jiu条tiao规则gui定ding，中zhong药yao饮用yin片pian生产chang企业ye履行xing药yao产品pin上shang市shi许xu可ke持有you人rende相xiang关guan义务wu，对duizhongyao饮yin片pian生shen产chang、卖xiao卖shou实shingxing全quan通过guo程cheng管guan理li，建jianli中zhong药yao饮yingpianpian追zhuisu体ti系xi， 　　1.2《药yaopin管guan理li法fa》

　　1.3《药yaopin管guan理li法fa实shi施shi条tiaoli》

保bao证zhong中zhongyao饮yin片pian全、有you效xiao、可ke追zhui追su。第di四si十shi四si条tiao规gui定ding，中zhong药yao饮yin片piang应ying当dang按照zhao国guo家jiao药yaopin标biao准zhun炮pao制zhing;国guo家jiaoyao产品pin标biao准zhun没有you规guidingde，应ying当dang按an照zhao省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi人ren民政zhengfu药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men制zhi定ding的de炮pao制zhi规gui范fan炮pao制zhi。省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi管辖xia市shi人ren民政zhengfu药yao品pin监jian监督du管理li部bu门men制zhi定dingden制zhi规guing应ying当dang报bao国guo务wu院yuan药yao品pin监jian监督du管理li部bu门men备bein。不bu符合fu符合he国guo家jia药yaopin标biao准zhun或huozhe不bu符合zhaoxing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi人ren民政zhengfu药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men制zhi定ding的de炮pao制zhi规gui范fan枪pao制zhide，没有bu，dei，chuhhhan、卖xiao卖shou。第di一yi百bai一yi十shi七qi条tiao规gui定ding，生sheng生chang、销售xiaoshoude中zhongyao饮yin片pian不bu符fu合heyao品pin标biao准zhun，尚shang不bu影yingXiang全quan性xing、有you效xiao性xing的de，责令ling限xian期qi改gai正zheng，ji给予yu警jin告;可ke以yi处chu十shi万wan元yuan以yi上shang五wu十shi万wan元yuan以yi下xiade罚fa款kuan[2]。

　　1.4 鼓励li中zhong药yao饮yin片pian产chan业ye发fan展zhande政zheng策ce和ji规gui

　　第di九jiu条tiao对dui生sheng生chan药yao产品pinsuo使shi使用yongdeyuan材料li要求yao药yaominoqiu，也就是ji，药yao产品pin生sheng生产chan企业qi业ye生sheng生产chan药yao产品pinsuo使shi使用yongde原yuan料liao药yao，必须bi必须xu具ju有you国guo务wu院yuan药yao品pin监督jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men核hu发送fade药yao品pin批准pi准zhun文wen号hao或huorzhe进入jin口kou药yao品pin注zhencezheng、医药yao产chan产品pin注zhucezheng;但是dan是shi，未wei实shi施shi批准pi准zhun文wen号hao管guan理lide中zhong药yao材cai、除chu外，中zhong药yao饮yin片pianwai。第di四si十shi四si条tiao则zegui定dingliao生sheng生chang中zhong药yao饮yin片piande包bao。、容rongqi和ji标biao签qiande要求yao求qiu，即ji，生sheng产chan中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，应ying作为dang选择xuan用yong和yu药yao品pingxingzhi相xiang适用于shi应yingde包bao装zhuang材料liao和he容rong器qiag;包bao装zhuang不bu符fu符合hegui定dingde中zhong药yao饮yin片piang，不bu要dei卖xiao卖shou。中zhong药yao饮yin片pian包bao装zhuang必须xu印yin有you或huoozhe贴tie有you标biao签qian。中zhong药yao饮yin片piande标biao签qian必须注明zhu明ming产品pingming、规gui格ge、生产chan地di、sheng生产chan企业qi业、chan产品pin批pi号haoo、生sheng生产chan日ri期qi，实shi施shi批pizhun文wen号hao管guan理lide中zhong药yao饮yin片pian也huan必须xu注明zhunming药yaopin批pizhun文wen号hao。第di六lu十shi六lu条tiaoze明ming确实是que，liao中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生chang的de法fa律lv负责zeren，即ji，生sheng生chan没有you国guo家jiao药yao品pin标biao准zhunde中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，不bu符fu合he省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi人ren民政zhengfu药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men制zhi定dingderpao制zhi规gui范fande，医学yiliao机ji构gou不bu、自zizhi区qu、直zhi管辖xia市shi人ren民政zheng府fu药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men批准pi准zhunde标准biao准zhun配pei制zhi制zhijididededede，按照zhao《药yao品pin管guanli法fa》的de规定，gui定ding给jichu罚fa[3]。

国guo务wu院yuan“关guan在yu扶fu持chi和he促使cu进入jin中zhong医yi药yao事shi业ye发fanzhanderuo干gan意见xian”强qiang调zhou：zhong药yao管guan理li加jia强qiang。将tui推入jin实shi施shi中zhong药yao材cai生sheng生产changzhiliang管guangliguiligui范fan，添加jia强qiang对dui中zhong药yao饮yingpiang生sheng生产changzhiliang和he中zhong药yao、中zhong药yao饮yin片pian流liu通tong监jian管guan。加jia强qiang对dui医yiaoliao机ji构gou，使shi使用yong中zhong药yao饮yiaopiang和he配pei制zhi中zhong药yao制zhiaoji的de管guan理li，鼓gu励li和he支zhi持chi医yi治疗liao机ji构gou研yan制zhi和he应ying在yong特色se中使用zhong药yao制zhi剂ji[4]。2015 　　2009 年nian， 年nian)“强qiang调zhou，yao保bao障zhang中zhong成cheng药yao大da品pin种zhong和he中zhong药yao饮yin片piande原yuan料liao，加jia大da对dui中zhong药yao饮yin片piande抽chou样yang检jian验yan力li度duo，zhong进入jin一yi步bu完成wan善shang中zhong药yao材cai和ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian储chubei，继ji继续xu实shi施shi不bu取qu消xiao中zhong药yao饮yin片pian加jia成cheng政zheng策ce。2019 年nian，《中zhong药yao材cai保bao保护hu和he发fa展zhan规则》 年nian左zuo右you时shi间jian，逐zhu步bu实shi现在xian中zhong药yao重zhong点dian品种zhong来lai源yuan可以、去qu到xiang可以追zhui、负责ze任ren可以ke研究jiu。第di(十shi七qi)条tiao提出chu，要求yao完成wan好shan中zhong医yi药yao价格jia格ge和he医yi保bao政zheng策ce，研yan研究jiu取qu消xiao中zhong药yao饮ying片piang加jiang成chengxiang。2019 年nian10 月yue，zhong中zhong中zhong中zhong、国guo务wu院yuan《关guan于yu推动cu进入jin中zhong医yiao传zhuan承担cheng创建chuang新xin发fanzhandeyiyi见xian》第di(八ba)条tiao明确que提出chu，yao促使cu进入jin中zhong药yao饮yin片pian和he中zhong成为cheng药yao质zhingliang提升sheng，健jian全quan中zhong药yao饮yin片piang，制作zhi定ding实shi施shi全quan国guo中zhong药yao饮用yin片pian炮pao制作zhi规gui范fang;改gai善shan市shi场chang竞jing争zheng环huan境jing，促使cu进入jin中zhong药yao饮yin片pian优you质zhiyou价jia。第di(十shi)条tiao强qiang调zhou，yao以yi中zhong药yao饮yian片pian监jian管guan为wei抓zhua手shou，向xiangshang下xiangyou延yan延shen，在落luo实shi中，zhong药yao生sheng生产chang企业主zhu体tizeren，建jianliduo部bu门men协xie与tong监jian管guan机ji制zhi，探索tan索suo建jianlizhonoyao材料、中zhongyao饮yin片、中zhong成cheng药yao生sheng生chan流liu通tong，使shi用yong全quan通过guo程cheng追zhuisu体ti系xi，用yong5 　　1953 年nian，原yuan卫wei生sheng部bu颁布了liao首shou部bu《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》。自zi1985 月yue，发fa展zhan改gai革ge委wei成员yuan会hui“生产chan行业ye结jie构gou调zhou整zheng指zhi导演dao目mu录lu 年nian本ben)发送fa布bu，将jiang“中zhong药yao饮yin片piang炮pao制zhingjingzhuan承cheng与yu创chuang新xin”纳na入ru鼓励li类lei中zhong药yao制zhingzhuang承cheng和yu创chuang新xing。

种zhong，对dui中zhong药yao饮yin片piande标biao准zhun进入jin行xing，liao重zhong点dian修xiu订ding，he完成wan好shan，共gong修xiu订ding250多种zhong饮用yin片pian质量liang标准biao准zhun，完成wan善shanliao中zhong药yao材cai和he中zhong药yao饮用yin片pian检查jiandingtong、炮pao制zhi通tong则ze，建jian立li完wan善shanliao重zhong金jin属zhuun、有you害hai元yuansusu、黄huang曲qumei毒dus、农nong药yao残can留下、二er氧yang化hua硫liu等deng物wu质zhidede检jian测ce限xian度duo标biao准zhun，在zai大da程chengduo上shang保bao障zhang饮yin片piang的de质zhi量liang和he临lin床chuang使用yongyao安an全quan。2020 年nian版ban起qi每mei五wu年nian修xiu订ding一yici。它的qi中zhong，第di一yi部bu收集shou载zai中zhong药yao材cai和ji饮yin片piang、制zhi剂ji等deng，记ji载zailiao各种zhong药yao材caidexingzhuang、鉴jian别bie、炮pao制zhi方fang法fa等deng。2020 年nian版ban《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》收集shou录lu中zhong药yao材cai和he中zhong药yao饮yin片pian共gong616 个gefang面：一yi是shi增zeng收shou部bu分fen中zhong药yao饮yin片pingpin种zhong和he规guige。二er是shigui范fan中zhong药yao饮yin片ping名称为cheng。二san是shi规guifan中zhong药yao饮ying片ping名ming称cheng。三san是shi重zhong点dian完成wan善shan和he规guifan中zhong药yao饮ying片piangping。四si是shi完成wan好shan中zhong药yao饮yin片piandeguige和he基ji本ben质zhi控kong指zhi标biao。五wu是shi加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片piandezhuan属于zhu性xingjianbie。六lu是shi重zhong点dian加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片pian外wai源yuan性xing有you毒du有you伤害hai残can留lian物wu的de限xiang量liang检jian测ce。七qi是shi建jian立li专zhuan属于zhuxin，qie可以neng体ti，xian饮yin片piandiante点diande含han量liang测ceding方fang法fa[6]。2020 年nian版ban《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》关guan在yu中zhong药yao饮yin片pian修xiu订dingdenerongzhu要yao包bao包kuo7 　　三个bu门men规则zhang和ji规则guifan性xin文wen

年nian版ban《中zhong国guo药yao典dian》已经yiyu2020 年nian12 月yue30日ri起qi施shi行xing。

　　3.1.1 《药yaopin生sheng生chan监督du管理lanban法fa》

　　3.1 sheng生产chan环huan节jie

方fang可以、卖xiao卖shou。第di四si十shi九jiu条tiao则zegui定dingliao各ge级jiaopin监jian管guanbu门men的de监jian管guan，即ji省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men负fu责ze对dui本ben行xing政zheng区qu域yu内nei药yao产品pin上shangshineli部bu门men负责，制zhi剂ji、hua学习xue原yuanliao、中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生产chan企qi业ye的de监jian监督du管guan理li。

年nian新xin修xiu订dingde“药yao产品pin生sheng生chan监jiandu管guan理li办ban法fa”显示ming确que[7]，中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生chang，xu取qu得dei药yao产品ping生chan许xu可以ke证zheng。第di三san条tiao第di四si款kuan要求yao求qiu，中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng制作changqi业ye应ying当dang履行xing药yao品pinshangshing，确保que保bao中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生产chang通过guo程cheng持chi续xu符fu合hefa定ding，yao要求qiu。第di七qi条tiao规gui定ding，从cong事shi制zhi代jing、yuan料liao、中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生产chan活huo动dong，申shen请qing人ren应ying当dang按照zhao本ben办ban法fa和he国guo家jiao药yao品pin监jian监督du管guan理li局juing定ding的de申shen报bao资ziaoliao要yao求qiu，向xiangsuo在zaidi省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men提ti出chu申shen请qing。第di三san十shi七qi条tiao第di三sankuanming确que，中zhongyao饮yin片pianfu.药物pin标biao准zhun或huo、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men制zhi定dingde枪pao制zhi规gui范fande， 　　1988 年nian，原yuan卫wei生sheng部bu发布了《药yao产品pin生sheng生产chan质zhiliang管guan理ligui范fan》，我的wo国guo药yao产品pin生sheng生产chang开始shigshigMP 管guan理li。1998年nian后hou，国guo家jia对dui药yao产品pingMP 　　3.1.药yao产品pin生shengchangliangligliguing(GMP)》

年nian，原yuan国guo家jiao监jian局ju发送fa布bu“关guan发送fazhongyaoyaoyin片pian”、使用yongyangGPPPPP 补bu充chong规gui定ding的de通tong知zhi。2004 年nian，you下xia发送liao“关guan在yu推tui进jin中zhong药yao饮yin片pian等dengleiaopin监督jiandushigMP 工gong作zuode通tong知zhi， 管guan理li高gao度duo重zhong视shi，随sui着zhuo国guo家jia药yao产品pin监jian管guan机ji构gou改gai革ge，《药yao产品pin生shengchangzhi量liang管guanili规gui范fan》历经jing多duo次ci修xiu订ding。为wei规guifan对duiizhongyaoyin片pian、医yi使用yong氧yangde监jian监督du管guan理li，确实que保bao人ren民min群qun众zhong使用yong药yaode安an全quan有you效xiao，2003 年nian原yuan国guo家jia食yi产品pin药yao产品pin监督du管guan理li总zong局ju发fa布bu《药yao产品pin生shenglinglinglinglinglinglinglingliguingling 年nian修xiu订ding)附fu录lu-中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，自zi2014 nian7月yue1 yao要求qiu“自zi208 年nian1 月yue1 日ri起qi，所suo在you中有zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生产chang企业qi业yebi必须xu在zai符fu合hegMP的de条tiaojian下xia生sheng生产chang。zuo作为wei“药yao品pin生sheng生chaniliang管guaniliguifang(GMP)》修xiu订ding版bande配pei套tao文wenjian，2014 应ying作为dang，dui中zhong药yao材caidezhi量liang、炮制zhi工gongyi严yan格控制kong制zhi;zai炮pao制zhi、储zhu存cun和he运yun在guo程cheng中输shu， 应ying当dang采用cai采用qu措cuo施shi控制kong制zhi污染ran， 防fang止zhi变bian质zhi， 避免Mian交jiao叉cha污染、混hun迷惑xiao、差chai错cuo;生sheng生chan直zhi接jie口kou服fu中zhong药yao饮yin片piande， 日ri起qi施shi行xing[8]。该gai附fu录lu适用于shi用yong在yu中zhong药yao饮yingpiang生sheng生产changuan理li和he质zhi量liang控制kongzhi的de全quan通过guo程cheng，对dui从congshi中zhongyao饮yin片pian生shengchanglinglingyuan、工厂han房fang、设置she施shi、设置she备bei、物wu料liao、生产chan产品pin、gong艺yi验yan证zheng、liangliangliangliangliangliangliang、生sheng生产chan管guan理lili、质zhi量liang管guan理li等deng都du作zuoliao详yang细xigui定ding。附录Lu强qiang调zhohou：(1)中zhong药yao饮yin片piandezhi量liang与yu中zhong药yao材caidezhi量liang、he炮pao制zhi工gongyimi切qie相xiang关guang， 　　3.1.3 qita规gui范fan性xing文wen件jian

应ying对dui生sheng生产chan环huan境jing和ji生产chan产品pin微wei生shengwu进入jing行xing控制kong制zhi。(2)中zhong药yao饮yin片pian必须bi必须xu按照zhao国guo家jiao药yao品pin标biao准zhun炮pao制zhizhizhi;国guo家jiaoyao产品pin标biao准zhun没有you规guidingde，必须bi必须xu按an按zhao省xing、自zizhi区qu、直zhi辖xia市shi食yi产品pin药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men制zhi定dingde枪pao制zhi规gui范fan或huo审批pide标biao准zhun炮pao制zhi;(3)中zhong药yao饮yin片pian应ying按照zhao品pin种zhong工gongyi规gui程cheng生shengchang。中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng生chan条tiao件jiang应ying和yu生sheng生chang许xiang围wei相xiang适shing，不bu要dei外wai购买gou中zhong药yao饮yin片piande中zhong间jian产chan品pin或huo成cheng品pin进入jin行xing分包bao装zhuang或huo改gai换huangbao装zhuang标biao签qian。

原yuan国guo家jia食yiao监jian局ju“关guan在yu外wai商shang投资tou资zizhong药yaoyian片pian生sheng生产chan企qiang生产chang范fang围wei有you关guan问wen题ti的de通tong知zhi，“zhong统tong中zhong药yao饮yingpiang炮pao制zhingzhudeying应ying使用yong和ji中zhong成为cheng药yao秘方fang产chang产chang的de生sheng产chang。2011年nian，原yuan国guo家jia食yi药yao监jian局ju“关guan在yu进jin一yi步bu做zuo好hao中zhong药yao材料cai质zhi量liang监jian管guan工gong做zuode通tong知zhi”在zai强qiang调zhou进jin一yi步bu加jia强qiang中zhong药yao材料zhi量liang监jiang管guang工gong做zuo时shi，yao要求qing规gui范fan中zhong药yao材cai和ji中zhong药yao饮ying片piande经jingying销售xiaoshou行xing为wei，强qianghua中zhong药yao制zhi剂ji和ji中zhong药yao饮ying片pian生sheng生changde监督du检查jian查zhan和he生产chang品pindedezhiang检查yan。2013 　　2006年nian， 年nian，国guo家jian药yao品pin监jian监督du管guan理li局ju办ban公gong室shi“关guan在yu中zhong药yao饮yian片pian标bian标bian标bian标biao识shi有you关guan问wen题ti的de复fu函han”，中zhong药yao饮yin片pian标biao签qian标biao识shi上shang标biao明mingde适shi应yingzheng或huozhe功gong可以neng主zhu治zhi应ying当dang符合he国guo家jiaoyaoping标biao准zhungdengdingdiang;中zhong药yao饮yin片pian标biao签qian标biao识shiao出chu国guo家jiao药yaopin标biao准zhun规定guingde适shingzheng或huozhe功gong可以neng主zhu治zhi范fan围weidede，属于yu“药yao品pin管guanli法fa(2015) 年nian，原yuan国guo家jia食yi药yao监jian总zong局ju办bang厅ting《关guan在yu严yange中zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi规gui范fan和ji中zhong药yao配pei方fang颗ke粒li试shi点dian研yanjiu管guan理li等deng有you关guan事shi宜yide通tong知zhi》强qiang调zhou。在yao严yange中，zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhigui范fan。在zai制zhi定ding或huo修xiu订ding本ben辖xia区qu中zhong药yao饮yin片pian枪pao制zhigui范fan时shi，应ying严yan格格按照zhao《药yao品pin管guan理li法fa》和ji其qi实shi施shi条tiao例lidexiang关guanggguiding，它的qi收shou载zai范fan围wei只有jin限xian在yuque中有youdi方fang炮pao制zhi特te色se和he中zhong药yi使用yong药yao特tediande炮pao制zhi方fang法fa和ji中zhong药yao饮yian片pianpianpian;不bu得dei将jiang尚shang处chuyu科ke学xue研究yanjiu阶段duan、未wei获得huodei公gong认rendean全quan性xing、有you效xiao性xing方fang面mian数shu根据jude科ke研yan生产chan产品pin，使用yi和ji片pian、颗ke粒li剂ji等deng常chang规gui按an制zhi剂ji管guan理li的de制chan产品pin作zuo为wei中zhong药yao饮yin片pian管guan理li，并且bing不bu得dei为weiqi制zhi定ding中zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi规gui范fan。2018 年nian，国guo家jiao药yao监jian局ju“关guan在yuxing级ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian枪pao制zhi规guian备beian程cheng序xu，ji要yao求qiu的de通tong知zhi”，再次zaici明ming确认queliao省xing级ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi规guifandebeing程cheng序xu和he要yao求qiu。

年nian修xiu订dingban)第di四si十shi八ba条tiao第di三sankuandi(六lu)项xiang规gui定dingde“所suo标biao显示mingde适shi应yingzheng或huozhe功gong可以neng主zhu治zhi超chao出chuingdingdingdingding应ying当dang按an假jia药yao论lun处chu(注zhu)：《药yao品pin管guan理li法fa(2019年nian修xiu订dingbang)》是wei第di九jiu十shi八ba条tiao第di二erkuandi(四si)项xiang。2020 　　3.2.《药yao产品pin经jingying监督jiandu管guan理li办ban法fa(征zheng求qingyian稿gao)》

　　3.2 流liu通tonghuan节

年nian12 月yue，市shi场chang监督jian管guan总zong局ju发fa布bu“药yao品pin通过jing监督jiang监督du管理li办ban法fa(征zheng求qiangyi见xian稿gao) 　　在dang之前，qian我wo国guo药yao品pin经jing营ying流liu通tong环huan节jie施shi行xing的de是shi的《药yao品pin经jing营ying许xu可ke证zheng管guan理li办ban法fa》和he的《药yao品pin流liu通tong监jian监督du管guan理li办ban法fa》。《药yao产品pin通过jing营ying许xu可kezheng管guan理li办ban法fa》未wei为dui中zhong药yao饮yin片pian单shan设she条tiaokuan，《药yao品pin流liu通tong监jiandu管guan理lili办ban法fa》只有jin对duizhong药yao饮yin片piande储chun单shan设she第di二er十shilu条tiao提ti出chu要yao求qiu，即ji，中zhongyao材料、中zhongyao饮yin片、化hua学习xueyao产品、中zhong成cheng药物yao应ying、分fen类lei存cun放fang[9]。2019 　　3.2.药yao品pin经jingyingzhi量lianglingliguingliguingling(GSP)》

广guang泛fan征zheng求qiu社she会hui意yi见xian。zhong在其qi中：第di十shi七qi条tiao明ming确que，中zhong药yao饮yin片pianna入ru药yao品pin通过jingying企业qi业ye通过jingying范fan围绕weing;第di三san十shi九jiu条tiao关guan在yu网wangluo销售shou药yaoyao要求yao要求qiude条tiaokuan明ming确que，通过guo网络wang网络luo销售xiao销售shou的de药yao产品pin，应ying当dang依yi法fa取qu得dei药yao产品pin注zhu册ce证zheng书shug;但是dan是shi，在de中，zhong药yao饮yin片pian除chu外，wai没有wei实shi施shin审批pi管guan理li。第di四si十shi四si条tiao关guan于yu医yi治疗liao机jiaogou购买gou进入jin药yao产品pinyao要求qiu二er明ming确que，药yao品pin购买gou进入jin验yan收取shou记ji录lu应ying作为dang注明zhuming药yao品pinde通tong，用yong名称ming称cheng、药yao产品pin上shang市shi许xu可ke持chi有you人ren(中zhong药yao饮yin片pian标biaoming产chandi)、剂ji型xing、规gui格ge、批pi号hao、生sheng生产chan日riqi、有you效xiao期qii、批pipizhun文wen号haoo、提供gonghuo单shan、数shu量liang、价jia格ge、购买gou进入jin日ri期qi。shi在zai“附fu则ze”规gui中设置ding，《药yao产品pin经jing营ying许xu可ke证zheng管guan理li办ban法fa》和he《药yao产品pin流liu通tong监督jian监督du管理guan理li办ban法fa》将jiang在zai新xin的de《药yao产品pin经jing监督du管理guan理li办ban法fa》

年nian5 月yue18 日ri原yuan国guo家jia食yi药yao监jian总zong局juswu会huiliyidi2 次ci修xiu订ding， 2016 年nian7 月yue13 日ri原yuan国guo家jia食yi药yao总zong局ju使lingdi28 　　《药yao品pin经jingyingzhilinglinglinglinglinguinglinglingyuingfan》 年nian4 月yue30 日ri以yi原yuan国guo家jia药yao监jian局ju局ju使lindi20 号hao公gong布bu，2012 年nian11 月yue6 日ri原yuanwei生sheng部bubu务wu会hui议yi第di修xiu订ding，2015年 集ji现xian行xingSP和ji其qi实shi施shi细xi则ze为wei一yi体ti，针zhen对dui中zhong药yao饮yin片pian通过jing营yingzhingling管guan理li，从cong人renyuan、存cun存chu、采cai购gou、验yan收shou、养yang保护hu、卖xiao卖shou等deng多duo个gefang面mian提ti出chu，liao详yang细xidegui范fan要yao求qiu。GSP hao公gongbu关guan〈药物yao品pin经jingyingzhi量liangliangliliguifang〉de决jue定ding。新xin修xiu订dingdeGSP fen总zong则zez、药yao品pin批pi发fade质zhi量liang管guan理lili、药yao品pin零ling销售shoude质zhi量liang管guan理liling、附fu则ze4 章zhang共gong184条tiao。新xin修xiu订dingSP[11] 　　3.2.《进jin口kou药yao材cai管guan理li办ban法fa》

强qiang调zhohohohohohoh：(1)从cong事shi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian接收shohohohohi、养yang保护hu、收shou购gou、质量liang管guan理lili、营ying业ye、调zhouji等deng工gong作zuoderenyuan，应ying作为dang具ju备bei中zhong药yao学xue专zhuan业yexiang应ying的de学xue历li或huo职zhi称为cheng资zizhi。(2)中zhong药yao饮yin片piande存cun存chu，应ying作为dang设置she专zhuan门men的de库ku房fang和he养yang保护hu场changsuo，使shi使用yon专zhuan门men库存fang分fen库存库存cun放fang;zhong药yao饮yin片pian柜ju斗dou谱pude书shu写xing当dang正zheng名ming正zheng字zi;在安装zhuang斗dou之前，qian应ying作为dang复fu核hu，防fang止zhi错cuo斗dou、chuan斗doudoud;应ying当dang定ding期qi清qing斗dou，防止zhi饮yin片pian生sheng、发fa霉mei、变bian质zhi;不bu同tong批准pi号haode饮yin片pian装zhuang斗dou前qian应ying当dang清qing斗dou，bing记ji录lu;要yao重zhong点dian检查jian查zha拆卸chai零ling药物yaopin和heyi变bian、近期jin效xiao期qiii、放bai放fang时，shi间jian比jiao长zhang的de药yao品pin以yi和ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian;发fa现xian有you质zhi量liang问wende药yao品pin应ying当dang和ji时shi撤che柜ju，停止ting止zhi卖xiao卖shou，you质zhi量liang管guan理li人renyuan确认ren和he处chu理li，bing保证bao留下liang关guang记ji录lu，与tong时shi向xiang药yao品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men报bao告gao。(3)中zhongyao饮yin片piande采cai购gou记ji录lu，除chu外，liao包bao括kuo饮yin片piande通tong用yong名ming称cheng、剂ji型xing、规gui格ge、shang生产changhang商业shang、提供gonghuo单shan、数shu量liang、价jia格ge、购买gou货huo日ri期qi等deng内nei容rong外wai，还huan应ying作为dang标准biao明ming生产chandi。(4)中zhong药yao饮yin片piande验yan收shou记ji录lu，应ying当dang包baoping、规gui格ge、批pi号hao、生产chan地di、生sheng生产chan日riqi、shang生产changhang商业shang、提供gonghuo单shan、到达dao货huo数shu量liang、deng内nei容rong，如验yan收shou合hege数shu量liang，实shi施shi批pi准zhun文wen号hao管guan理li的de中zhong药yao饮yin片pian也huan应ying当dang记ji录lu批pi准zhun文wen号hao。验yan收shou不bu合hege的de也huan应ying当dang注明zhu明ming不bu合hegeshi项xiang和ji处chu置zhi措cuo施shi。(5)zhong药yao饮yin片piang养yang护hu，应ying当dang按angqi特texing采cai取qu有you效xiaofang法fa进入jing行xing养yang护hu，bing记ji录lu，所suo采cai取qude养yang保护hu方fang法fa不budei对dui药yao产品pin制造zao成cheng污染rang。(6)中zhong药yao饮yin片piande销xiaoshou记ji录lu，应ying当dang包baoping、规gui格ge、批pi号hao、生产chan地di、shang生产changhang商业shang、购买huo单shan、销售xiaoshoushu数量liang、单shan价格jia、金jin额e、在deng内销售xiaoshou日ri期qi等;中zhong药物yao饮yin片piang销售shougzhinglingli制zhingduo应该ying包bao包括kuo中zhong药物yao饮ying、调zhou配pei、核hu对dui的de管guan理li;中zhong药物yao饮yin片piang销售shou操cao作zuo规gui程cheng应ying作为dang包baong药物yao饮yin片piang、调zhou配pei、核hu对dui;卖xiao卖shou中zhong药yao饮yin片pian做zuo到dao计ji量liang准zhun确que，bing告知zhi煎jian服fu方fang法fa和ji注zhu意yishi项xiang;提ti供gong中zhong药yao饮yin片pian代dai煎jian服fu务wu，应ying当dang符合fu合he国guo家jia有you关guan规定guiding。

　　3.2.4 qita规gui范fan性xing文wen件jian

　　gai办ban法fa第di五wu条tiao规gui定ding，本ben办ban法fa所suo称cheng药yao材cai进入jin口kou单shan位wei是shi指zhi办ban理li首shou次ci进入jin口kou药yao材cai审shen批pideshen，请qing人ren或huozhe办ban理li进入jin口kou药yao材cai。药yao材cai进入jin口kou单shan位wei，应ying当dang是shi中zhong国guo境jing内neide中zhong成为cheng药yaoshangshi许xuke持chi、中zhong药yao生sheng生chan企qi业ye，以yi和ji具ju为you中zhong药yao材料cai或huozhe中zhong药yao饮ying片pian通过jing营ying范fan围绕wei的de药yao产品pin通过jing营ying企业ye[12]。

以yi下xia，但dan也不bu包bao包含han中zhong药yao饮yin片pian。从congzhe两liang个ge文wenjianke以yi看kan出chu，国guo家jia鼓gu鼓励li使shi使用yongzhong药yao饮yian片pian，显示ming确定que规定ding取消xiao药yao产品pin添加jia成cheng不bubao包bao包括kuo中zhong药yao饮yin片piang、计ji计算suan药yao占zhan比bi不包bao包bao在kuo中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，根据ju中zhong药yao饮yin片piandete点dian规则gui定dingzhong药yao饮yin片pian不bu纳na入ru药yaopin集ji中zhong招zhao标biao采用cai购买gou范fan围wei。

年nian，为wei完成wan善shan公gong立li医yi院yuan药yaopin集ji中zhong采cai购gou工gong作zuo，规定gui范fan药yaopin流liu通tongzhi序xu，建jian立li健jian全quan以yiji本ben药yao物wu制zhi度duo为weiji基chudeyao产品pin为gong应ying保bao障zhang体tixi，国guo务wu院yuan办ban公gong厅ting发fa布buliao《关guan在yu完成wan善shan公gong立li医yi院yuan药yaopin集ji中zhong采cai购gou工gong作zuode指zhi导dao意yi见xian》。在其qi中zhong，关guan在yu“药yao产品pin分fen类lei采cai购gou”de要求yao求qiu指zhi出chu，dui麻醉zui药yao产品、精jing神shen药物yao产品、防fang治zhi传zhuan染ran病bing和he寄ji生sheng虫chongbing的de免费miangfei使用yongyao、国guo家jia免mian疫yi规gui划hua疫yimiao、计ji计划hua生sheng育yu药yaopin和ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，根据an国guo家jia现在的xian行xing规则，gui定ding采用cai购买gou，确实que保bao公gong开kai透过tou明ming;shi指zhi明ming与tong相同，医yi院yuan使shi使用yongdesuo有you药yao产品pin(不含han中zhong药yao饮yin片pian)，jun应ying通过guo省xing级ji药yao产品pin集ji中zhong采用cai采购gou平pingtai采用cai采购gou。为wei落luo实shigai“指zhi导dao意yi见xian”，原yuan卫wei计ji委wei印yin发fa《关guan在yu落luo实shi完成wan善shan公gong立li医yi院yuan药yaopin集ji中zhong采cai购gou工gong作zuo指zhi导dao意yi见xiande通tong知zhi》，在zai“细xi化huao药yao产品pin分fen类lei采cai购gou措cuoshi”中，zhong明ming确实是que，医yi院yuan使shi使用yongdesuosuoyao产品pindu应ying在zai网wang上shang采cai购gou，但是dan不含han中zhong药物yao饮yin片;zhong在zai“改gai到jin医yi院yuan药yao款kuan结jiesuan管guan理li”中要求yao求qiu，现xian药yao占zhan比bi总zong体ti下xiang到dao30% 年nian，国guojia中zhong医yyao管guan理li、原yuan卫wei生sheng部bu印yin发fa《医yi院yuan中zhong药yao饮yin片pian管guan理liguifan》[13]。gaigui范fan适shi使用yongyao饮yin片pianderren员yuan中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，gaigui范fan适shi。、采cai购gou、验yan收shou、保bao管guan、调zhou剂ji、临lin方fangpao制zhi、煎jian煮zhu等deng管guan理li。在zairenyuan上shang要求yao要求qiui：直zhi接jie从cong事shi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian技jizhu工gong作zuode，应ying当dang是shi的“中zhong药yao学xue专zhuan行业ye”;zhong药yao饮yin片pian临lin方fang炮pao制zhi工gong作zuode，应ying当dang是shi具ju有you“三san年nian以yi上shang”炮pao制zhi经jing验yande中zhong药yao学xue专zhuan业ye技jizhu人yuan。在zai采购caigoushang要求yao要求qiu：yuan应ying作为dang建jianlian全quan中zhong药物yao饮yingpian采用caig购买gou制zhiduoid;严yan禁止jinshan自ziti高gao饮yin片pian等denjin、以yi次ci充chonghao，为wei个geren或huo单shan位wei求mou取qu不bu正zheng作为dang利益;医yi院yuan采cai购gou中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，当dang验yan证zheng生sheng生产chang，经jing营ying企业qi业yede药yao产品pin生sheng生chang许xu可kezheng或huo《药yao产品ping经jing许xu可kezheng》《企qi业ye法faren营ying业ye执zhizhao》《药yao产品ping经jing许xu可kezheng》、zi格gezheng、身shen份fen证zheng，并且bing将jiang复印yin件jian存储cun档dan备bei查zhang;购买gou进入jin国guo家jia实shingxing批准pi准zhun文wen号hao管guan理lide中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，还huan应ying当dang验证yangzheng注入zhu册cezhengshu，bing将jiang复印yingjiang存储cundang备beizhang;医yi院yuan和yu中zhong药yao饮yin片pian供gong应ying单shan位wei应ying当dang签qiang订ding“质zhi量liang保bao证zheng协议yingshu”;医yi院yuan应ying作为dang定ding期qi对dui供gong应ying单shan位wei供gong应yingde中zhong药yang应ying应ying，并且bing根g根据ju评ping估gu结jie果guo和ji时shi调zhou整zheng供gong应ying单shan位wei和he供gong应ying方fang案ang。在zai验yan收shoushang要yao求qiu：购买gou进入jin中zhong药yao饮yin片pian时shi，yan接shou人renyuan应ying当dang对duing：①产品pin名为ming;②生产chan地di;③sheng生产chan企业qi业;④chan产品pin批pi号haoo;⑤生sheng生产chan日riqi;⑥he格标biao识别;⑦质zhilian检查jian检查yan报bao告gaoshu;⑧数shu量liang;⑨yan收shou结jieguo和ji验yan收shou日ri期qi逐zhu一yi登dengji，bing签qian字zi;购买gou进入jin国guo家jia实shingxing批准pi准zhun文wen号hao管guan理lide中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，还huan应ying作为dan检查jian查zha核hu对dui批准pizhun文wen号hao;假jia发faxian假冒moomo、在劣lie质zhi中zhong药yao饮yin片pian，当dang和ji时，shi封feng存cun，bing报bao告gao当dangdi药yao品pin监jian监督du管guan理li部bu门men。在zai保bao管guan上shang：中zhongyao饮yin片pian出chu进入ru库ku应该ying当dang有you完整zheng记录;中zhong药yao饮yin片pian出chu库ku前qian，应ying当dang严yange进入jin行xing检查jian查zha核hu对dui，不bu合hegedede不bu得dei出chu库ku，使shi使用yonggedede不bu;应ying当ding定ding期qi进入jingxing中zhong药yao饮yingpiang保护hu检查jiang查zha，bing记录ji录lu检查jian查zha结果guog;在养yang护hu中zhong发送fa现xian质zhi量liang问wen题ti，应ying当dang和ji时shi上shang报bao本ben单shan位wei领ling导dao处chu理li，bing采用cai取qu相xiang应ying措cuo施shi。在zai调zhoujishang要求yao要求qiui：对于dui中zhong药yao饮yin片pian调zhou代ji和he临lin方fang炮pao制zhi，yao符fu合he国guo家jia有you关guan规则gui定ding。在zai煎jian煮zhushang要求yao要求qiu：医yi院yuan开kai展zhan中zhong药yao饮yin片pian煎jian煮zhu服fu务wu，应ying当dang有you和yu之zhi相xiang适shi应yingde场changdi和ji设she备bei，卫wei生sheng状zhuang状kuang良lianghao，具有you通tong风格、调zhou温wen、冷leng藏zang等deng设置sheshi;中zhong药yao饮yin片pian煎jian煮zhu液yede包bao装zhuang材料cailiao和he容rong器qi应ying当dang无wu毒dug、卫wei生sheng、不bu易yi破po损sun，并且bing符合fu合he有you关guan规则gui定ding。

　　3.3 调zhou配pei使shi使用yong环huan节jie

中zhong药yao饮yin片pian被pi列lie录入《基ji本ben药yao物wu目mu录lu》。根gen根据ju《中zhong医yi药yao法fa》第di四si十shi九jiu条tiao，县xuan级ji根据yi上shang地di方fang人ren民政zhengfu有you关guan部bu门men应ying作为dang，可ke将jiang符fu合he条tiao件jiande中zhong药yao饮yin片pianna纳入ru基ji本ben医yiao保bao保险xianjin支zhi支付fu范fan围wei。

　　2009年nian， 年nian，原yuan国guo家jia卫wei计ji委wei办ban公gon厅ting、国guo家jia中zhong医yiao管guan理li局juan公gongshi印yin发fa《关guan在yu加jia强qiang药yaoshi管guan理li转zhuan变bian药yao学习xue服fuanmushidedetong知zhi》，鼓gu鼓励li开kai展zhante色se中zhong药yao服fu务wu，要求yao在qiu中要求zhong医yi医yi医院yuan建jianli严yante色se中的zhong药yao服fu务wu，要求yao在qiu中要求zhong医yi医yi医yi医yi院yuan建jiante色se中，重zhong点diandiandui不bu符fu合he辨bianzheng论lun治zhi等deng中zhong医yiao理lilunde不bu符fufu合heli，进入jing行xing干gan预yu管guan理li。

年nian，为wei进入jin一yi步bu强qianghuanghua中zhong药yao饮yin片pian合heli使shi使用yong，不buduan提tingzhong中zhong药yang药yao饮yin片piangzhiang，将cu推入jin合heli使用yong药yao，防fang止zhi中zhong药yao材cai资料yuan浪lang费fei和he中zhong药yao饮yin片piang费fei使用yong不bu合heli，切qie实shi保bao障zhang患者zhe权quanyi和he使用yong药yao安an全quan，国家guo家jia中zhong医学yi药yao管guan理li局ju发fa布bu《关guan进jin一yi步bu加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片pian处chu方fang质zhi量liang管guang理li强qiang化hua合he理li使shi使用yongde通tong知zhi》。gai通tong知zhi强qiang调zhou，高gaoduo重zhong视shi中zhong药yao饮yin片piangchuangliang管guanglili，建jianli中zhong药yao饮yin片pianchuang专zhuang点dian评ping制zhinduo，进入jin一yi步bu规gguing中zhong药yao饮yin片pianchuang开kaiju和he审shen核hu，并且bing要求yao要求qiu各ge级ji各ge类lei医学yiao机ji构gou切qie实shi加jia强qiang医学yiao机ji构gou中zhong药yin片pian全quan通过guo程cheng质zhi量liang管guan理li。

　　在wei加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片pian的de监jian管guan，提到zhong药yao饮ying中zhong药yang药yao饮ying，国guo家jia药yao产品pin监jian管guan部bu门men采cai采取quduo次cing动dong，强qianghua中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生产chang、流liu通tong和ji使shi使用yong环huan节jiede日ri通常chang监jian管guan工gong作zuo，在加jia大da中，zhong药yao饮yin片pian抽chou验yan和he检jian查zhaliduo，强qianghua中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生产chang、经jing营ying企业qi业ye和he医yiliao机ji构gou药yang饮yingpiangzhi量liang的de监jian管guang， 　　zhuan项xiang整zhing治zhing动dong

工gong作zuode通tong知zhi，2011 nian原yuan国guo家jia食物、原yuan卫wei生shen、国guo家jia中zhong医yiao管guan理li局ju联lian合he印yin发fa《关guan在yu加jia强qiang中zhong医yiangyiao管guan理li局juanlian合he印yin》，2015 强qiang化hua医yi治疗liao机ji构gou，使shi使用yong中zhong药yao饮yin片piande监jiandu。yuan国guo家jiayyyao监督ju2003 年nian印yin发fa《关guan在yu加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片pian包bao装zhuang监jian监jiandu管guan理li的de通tong知zhi》和he2004年nian印yin发fa《关guan在yu推tui中进入jin中zhong药yao饮yin片pian等deng类lei别bie药yao品pin监jian监jian监jiandushiGMP 年nian，国guo家jiao监jian局ju印yin发fa《关guan在yu印yin发fa中zhong药yao饮yin片pian质zhi量liang集jizhong整zhengzhing作zuo方fang的de通tong知zhi》，在zai全quan国guo范fan围wei内nei开kai展zhan中zhong药yao饮yin片piangzhan项xiang整zhen。zhi行xing动dong。这款zhe次ci专zhuan项xiang整zheng治zhi行xing动dong检查zha生shen产chan企qie320 年nian原yuan国guo家jia食yi药yao监jian总zong局ju印yin发fa《关guan在yu进jin一yi步bu加jia强qiang中zhong药yao饮yin片pian生sheng产chan经jing营ying监jian管guan的de通tong知zhi》，2018 年nian国guo家jia药yao监jian局ju印yin发fa“关guan在yu省xing级ji中zhong药yao饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi规gui范fan准备bei案an程cheng序xu和ji要求qiu的de通tong知zhi”“关guan在yu省xing级ji中zhong药yao材料cai标biao准zhun和he饮yin片pian炮pao制zhi规gui范fan中zhong”通tong知zhi要yao求qiu，各ge省xing(区qug)、市shi)药yao产品pin监jian监督du管guan理li局ju在zai发fa布bu前qian，首shou先xian进入jin行xing合he规guing自zi查zha，然ran后hou向xiang国guo家jiao药yao监jian局ju准备beian。这个zhe意yi味wei就是zhuo，全quan国guode省xing炮pao制zhi规gui范fan将jiang进入jin一yi步bu整zhengdun和he规gui范fan。随着sui在zhuo各ge省xing局ju开kai开始shi，zhuo手shou整zhendun炮pao制zhi规gui范fan，尤you其qi是shi“玩da粉fen饮yin片pian”、备bei案an机ji制zhi，有you希望wang改变gai善shan各gexing中zhong药yao饮yin片pian枪pao制zhi规gui范fan的de乱luan象xiang。乐鱼体育app

家jia次ci、经jing营ying企业ye2.9 万wan家jia次ci，收shou回huiGMP zhengshu28 张zhang，撤che销xiaoGSP zhengshu98 张zhang， 起立li案an439起qi[14]。2020 　　李li美mei英ying，博bo士shi，国家guo家jia市shi场chang监督jian监督du管guan理li总zong局ju食品pin审shen评ping中zhong心xin(国家guo家jia中zhong药yao品pin种zhong保护hu审shen评ping委员yuan会hui)，副pi主zhu任ren药yao师shi。专zhuan业ye方fang到xiang：新xin药yao研究yan发送fa和yuyiyipinan全quan监管guan政zhen策研究yan

　　第di一yi作zuozhe简jian介绍

　　李li先xian元yuan，硕shuo士shi，国家guo家jia市shi场chang监督jian监督du管guan理li总zong局ju食品pin审shen评ping中zhong心xin(国家guo家jia中zhong药yao品pin种zhong保护hu审shen评ping委员yuan会hui)，副pi主zhu任ren药yao师shi。专zhuan业ye方fang到xiang：中zhong药yaopin种zhong保bao保护hushen评论ping和yu制zhiduo研究yan

　　通过tong讯xun作zuozhe简jian介jiee

　　声sheng 明ming：转zhuan载zai这个ci文wen是shi出chu到yu传zhuan递di更geng多duo信xin息xizhi目mu的de。如果ruo有you来lai源yuan标biao注zhu错误cuo错误wu或huo侵犯qin犯fanliao您ninde合hefa权quanyi，请qing作zuozuozhe持chiquan属于zhu证zheng明ming与yu本ben网wang联系lianxi，我的women将jiang和ji时shi更正zheng、删除shan除chu，谢xie谢xie。lian系列xi电dian：028-60185688邮you箱xiang：kefu@zyctd.com。　　天tian水shui市shi第di二er人

　　ben文wen转zhuan自ziz：日tian水shui日ri报

　　bao讯xun 日ri前qian，ban由you天tian水shui市shi脊ji柱zhu外wai科ke质zhongzhong中zhong主zhu做ban，天tian水shui市shi第di二er人ren民min医学yi院yuan承cheng办公室bande天tian水shui市shi脊ji柱zhu外wai科ke质zhi控kong年nian会hui和ji天tian水shui市shi继ji继续教jiao育yu项xiang目muji柱zhu外wai科ke诊zhen治疗liao新xin进jin展zhan学xue术zhui在zai市shi二院举行chi。这个ci次ci会hui议yite邀请yao甘gansuxing中zhong医yi医yi医yi医yiuchuchang邓deng强qiang教jiao。、jizhu骨科主zhu任ren张zhan军jun教jiao。、脊ji柱zhu骨gu三san科ke主zhu任ren李li中zhong锋feng教jiaoshou和he脊ji柱zhu骨gu二er科ke护hu士shi长zhang马ma冰bing清qing主zhu管guan护hu师shi和ji天tian水shui市shi第di一yi人ren民min医院yuan骨gu一yi科ke副pi主zhu任ren郭guo虎hu兵bing出chu席xi和bing教shou。全quan市shi各级ji医yi疗liao机ji构gou骨gu科、脊ji柱zhu外wai科ke医yi治疗liao从congyerenyuan和ji天tian水shui市shizhu外wai科ke质zhi控kongzhong中zhong专zhuan家jianzuan成为chengrenyuan。学习xuezhu会hui上shang，市shi二er院yuan负责zerren简jian要yao介绍shaoliao应该gai院yuan脊ji柱zhu外wai科ke发fangzhang情qing状态kuang，与yu会hui专zhuan家jia教jiaoshou分fen别bie作zuoliao精jing彩caishou课ke。通过guo学习xue习xi，学习xue员yuanmen学习xue到daoliaoji柱zhu外wai科ke病bing相xiang关guang方fang面mianmen学习xue到daoliao，为wei提ti升sheng我wo市shi脊ji柱zhu外wai科ke疾病bingzheng治zhi水shui平pingda建jiangliao一yge高gao水shuizhung、高gao规gui格gede学习xue习xi培训xun平ping台tai。(李li如ru辉hui)　　举办ju举办ban全qushijizhu外wai科ke诊断zhen治疗liao新xin进入jin展zhan学习xuezhu

　　与yu隔壁bi那nei座zuo明显ming亮liang舒shu适shi的den体ti不bu同tong，一yi个ge通过guo度duo吸xi烟yan、喝jiu的xu、熬夜ye和qie长zhang期qi承cheng被shou精jing神shen压ya力li的deren类lei，体tinei有you一yi间jian完成wan美mei的de黑hei心xing工ghan。而er在zaineili负责zer 阴yin茎jing勃bo起qi工gong作zuo的de细xi胞baomen，职zhi场chang生sheng，职zhi场chang生sheng，职zhi场chang生sheng。

　　《工gong作zuo细xi胞bao》和he《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》都是shi科ke普pu漫man。主zhu角juedu是shi细xi胞bao，工gong作zuode职zhi场changdu在zai人ren体ti中lilili；人ren体ti发送fa生sheng的de各种zhong状zhuang状况kuang，都du表biao现xian是wei细xi胞baomen必须xu接受shoude挑tiao战zhan。只zhi是shi两liang座zuo人ren体ti的de健jiang康kang状zuang状kuang不bu与tong相同，比bi如ru对dui运yun送song氧yang气qi的de红hong细xibao来lai说shuo，上shang为wei《工gong作zuo细xibaoblack》中li出现xian血xue栓shuande血xue管guan，下xia为wei《工gong作zuo细xibao第di二er季ji》中li可ke以yi正zheng通过tong行xing的de血xue管guang，zuo环huan环境jing相xiang差chai许xuduouduong｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞bao》

　　勃bo起qi，是shi身shen体ti对dui性xing刺ci激ji做zuo出chu的de一yizhong反fan应ying。

　　如何zenyang才cai可以neng硬ying起qilai

　　这个ci时shi，阴yin茎jing当dang中zhong会hui有you一yi氧yanghuand气qi体ti生sheng，这zhe也是ye相xiang当dang在yu勃bo起qi任ren务wu启qi动dong的de号hao令ling。

　　人ren类lei接jieshou性xing刺ci激ji的de渠道dao非常hen丰feng富fu，比bi如rushou到daomou种zhong抚fu摸mo，看kan到daomou种zhong影ying像xiang资zi料liao，闻到wen到daomou种zhong气qi味wei，听到ting到daomou种zhong声sheng音yin，甚至shen到zhi想xiang到daomou种zhong气qing节jie...收到shou到dao性xing刺激jizhi，神shen通过jing系xi统tong可以ke以yi将ba相xiang关guan信xini一yi路lu传zhuan送song到dao阴yin茎jing。

　　因为yin是wei，一yi氧yang化hua氮dan是shi有you名ming的de血xue管guan舒shu张zhangji。

　　因为yin是wei，一yi氧yang化hua氮dan是shi有you名ming的de血xue管guan舒shu张zhangji。反fan应ying，会hui让rang平ping时shi几ji几乎hu没有you血xue流liu的de螺luo旋xuan动dong脉mo舒shu张zhang打开kailai，血xue液ye由you这样的ci涌yong进入ru，充chong满manyingjing海hai绵mian体ti。

　　穿chuan红hong色se制zhi服fu冲chong刺cide是shi血xue液yelide红hong细xibao｜zuo细xibaoblack

　　首shou先xian，一yi氧yang化hua氮dan可ke以yi激ji活huo平ping滑hua肌ji细xi胞baoli的de一yizhong酶mei。 这种zhe种类的zhong酶mei会hui促使cu进入jin细xi胞bao生sheng成cheng环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan，一yi氧yanghuanghuandandang的de重zhong。

　　但是dan有ju体ti说shuo来lai，想要xiang舒shu张zhang血xue管guan，需要xu要yao让rang血xue管guan平ping滑hua肌jisong放松chi下xia来lai。一yi氧yang化hua氮dan到dao达da平ping滑hua肌ji细胞baozhi后hou，ye不bu会hui单shandu做zuo任ren务wu，er是shi召zhao叫huan出chu其qi他ta队dui朋友you来lai接jieli。

　　海hai绵mian体tili，血xue管guan松song放松chilili｜zuo细xibaoblack

　　环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gande工gong作zuoye也是shi激ji活huo一yizhong酶mei，叫jiao蛋dan白bai激ji酶meig，一yi氧yang化hua氮dande另ling一yi个ge队dui朋友you。有youliaota，便pian可以neng降xiang低di平ping滑hua肌ji细xi胞bao里li的de钙gai离li子zi浓nong度duo，让rang血xue管guan平ping滑hua肌ji变biandei松song放松chi，从cong到er舒shu张zhang血xue管guan，使ling大da量liang血xue液ye冲chong进入jin海hai绵mian体ti。

　　而er血xue液ye从cong动dong脉mo涌yong到ru的de与tongshi相同，静jing脉mo将hui从shou到dao压ya逼po，阻止zu阻止dang血xue液ye流liu出chu。如果ru这样的ci一yi来lai，贯穿chuan阴yin茎jing的de海hai绵mian体ti慢man充chong血xue膨peng膨胀zhang，阴yin茎jing也是ye随suini的zhian硬ying来lai。如果ru这样的ci一yi来lai，贯穿chuan阴yin茎jing的de海hai绵mian体ti慢man充chong血xue膨peng膨胀zhang，阴yin茎jing也ye跟suizhining硬ying来lai。

　　总zong结jie一yi下xiajiu是shi，你ni唤huan唤醒xing我wo，我wo唤huan唤醒xingta，它ta再次zai唤醒huan唤醒xingta...血xue管guan舒shu张zhang是shi一yi氧yang化huandang和he队dui朋友youmen共gong与tong的de成cheng。

　　但是dan就jiu算suan血xue细xi胞bao愿意yuan意yi忍受shou禁jin闭bide痛tong苦ku，也ye不bu是shi每mei一yici勃bo起qidu可以neng顺shun利li完成wan成cheng。在zai那nei座zuo不bu太tai健jian康kangdeshen体tili中li，细xi胞baomen遇到yu到daode困kun境jing不bu止zhi这zhe一yige。

　　动dong画huali，在zai充chong血xue行xing动dong开kaishi之前qian，然后pian有you一yi位wei红hong细xibao界jiede老laosi机ji提ti醒xing新xin来laide和tong伴banmen，这zhe是shi一yi次ci难jian苦ku的de任ren务wu，因为yin为wei在zai勃bo起qi结jie束shu前qian，大da家jiadu不bu可以neng离li开kai海hai绵mian体ti。

　　根据zhao动dong绘制huade剧ju情qing，人ren类lei阴yin茎jingdebo起qizhuang状tai也没有mo坚jian持chi到dao射yi精jing，血xue管guan平ping滑hua肌jijiui已经yi经jing不bu再zai松song放松chi。海hai绵mian体ti中li血xue管guan收shou缩suo，血xue液ye开kai时shi流liu出chu。

　　没有mo支持cheng多duo长时间jiujiu软ruanliaonliaon

　　画hua面mian里li，血xue细xi胞baomen冲chong刺ci到dao半ban途tu，然后pian被pi强qiang力li击败ji溃kui，甚至shen到zhi都不知道zhi道dao发fa生shengliao什么shiyao。leyucom乐鱼官网

　　红色hong细xi胞bao冲chong刺ci被shou阻止｜zuo细xibaoblack

　　不bu可以neng维wei持chi勃bo起qi，或者huozhe不bu可以neng勃bo起qi，都du是shibo起qigong可以nengzhang（ED）de症zheng状zhuang。可以neng导dao导致zhiED的de因为yin素su有you很henduooo：与bi相比，ru神shen经jingxi统tong的de功gong可以neng障zhang阻碍ai，一yi个geli子zi是shingbingbingbingbingbingbingbingbingbingbingbing；比bi如ru药yao物wu的de副pi作zuo使用yong，一yi个geli子zi是shi抗kang抑yiyu药yaoSSRI。

　　它的qi实shi，是shi前qian面mian提ti到dao的de一yi氧yang化hua氮dan重zhong要yaodui友you环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan产chan量liang不bu足zu，难nuo以yi辅fu佐zuo人ren体ti继ji续xu勃bo起qiliao。

　　而er剧ju情qing作为dang中zhong的de那neizuo身shen体ti，则pian是shi被pi吸xi烟yang、deng不bu良liang习惯guan和he精jing神shen压yali缠chanshen，难nuo以yi完成wan成cheng一yici勃bo起qi也ye不bu足zu为wei奇qi。

　　除了chucizhi之外，wai，海hai绵mian体ti病jingbing如ru佩pei罗luonizhi病bingbing、心xin理li因yin素su如ru焦jiao、生sheng活huo习惯guan如ru吸xi烟yan喝xu酒jiu等deng，还有you可ke可以neng导dao，zhi勃bo起qi功gong可以neng障zhang阻碍ai。

　　可ke身shen体tililide工gong作zuo细xi胞bao，无wu力li逆ni转zhuan任ren务wude失shi败bai，也ye不bu可以neng反kang拒绝ju神shen通过jingxi统tong传zhuande命ming，又you可以neng期qi期待dai，谁shui来lai拯zheng救jiutamen？

　　来lai自zi神shen经jing细xi胞baode哀ai叹tani｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》

　　假jia如ru你ni还huan记jidei，任ren务wu受shou阻zu的de关guan键jian在zai于yu环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan的de含han量liang不bu足zu。

　　只zhi有you指zhi看wang外wai援yuanliaoi

　　环huan断duanliao，在liu下留xia一ygepu通tongde磷lin酸suan基ji团tuann｜参加shen考试kao资料liao3

　　而er在zai人ren体ti中li，环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan有you一yige主zhu要yao对dui手shou，叫jiao第di五wu型xing磷lin酸suan二er酯zhi酶mei(PDE5)。它的ta可以neng促使cu进入jin拆卸chai环huan，jiu是shi将banhuan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gande“环huan”解xie开kai，将bian变成cheng单shan磷lin酸suan。

　　但是dan假jia如ru环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gande含han量liang已经yi通过jing太tai低di，甚至shen到zhi也不够gou将ba勃bo起qi状zhuang状态tai维wei持chi到dao射ying，那neiyao打da击ji“拆chai环huan办ban”PDE5，ye不bu失shi为wei保卫wei人ren体ti繁殖zhi可以neng力lideyizhong方fang法fa。

　　原yuan本ben，PDE5这zhe种zhong酶meipian是shi为weiliao调zhou控制kong环huan磷lingsuaniao苷gande含han量liang，er存cun在zai。这个zhe就是jiu说shuo，一yi座zuo健jian康kangderen体tili，PDE5de拆chai环huan工gong作zuo正zheng常chang进入jin行xing，还应ying应该gai有you足zu足够gou的de环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan来lai维wei持chi勃bo起qi。

　　一yi旦dan拆chai环huan行xing动dong被pi克ke制zhi，环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gan含有han量liang回hui升sheng，它tajiu和you可以neng帮助bang平ping滑huangsuangliang，使ling血xue管guan舒shu张zhangliao。

　　西xi地dinei非fei，jiu是shineng足够gou抑制zhiPDE5的de物wu质zhi。这种zhong药yao物wu，可以ke以yi占领zhanling原yuan本ben为ji环huan磷lin酸suan鸟niao苷gande催cui化hua位wei点dian，防止zu止zhita被pi拆chai。

　　这个ci时shi，尿sui道dao包括kuo约yue肌jijin闭bi，精jing液ye在zai强qiang大da的de压ya力li下xia喷pen薄bo而er出chu，精jingzi的desain。跑pao开kai开始shiliao。

　　人ren类lei口kou服fu西xidi那nei非fei，平pingjun27分钟zhong后hou起qi效xiao。这个zhe位置wei外wai援助yuan作zuo战zhan勇yong猛meng，人ren称cheng为“伟wei哥ge”：在zai西xi地di那nei非feidehuweizhi下xia，血xue液ye充chong满man海hai绵mian体ti，阴yin茎jing终zhong在yu完成wan全quan勃bo起qi。

　　谁shui也ye不bu知道zhi道dao精jingzi会hui不bu会hui和he卵luan细胞bao相xiang遇yu，但ran后hou结jie合he成cheng新xing的de生sheng。但是dan只zhi要yao，它的tamen可以neng足够gou发fa射yi，一yi次ci勃bo起qi任ren务wu就jiu算suan成chenggong。

　　看看kan谁shui跑pao得dei最快kuai｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》

　　你ni也是shi血xue汗han工gonghan吗？

　　而er那neixie被pi禁止jin闭bi的de血xue细xi胞bao，还ye可ke用yi撤che出chu海hai绵mian体tiliao。

　　而er在zaineineizuoshenti中li，huan还有you许xu多duo细xibao和he许xu多duo物wu质zhi，面mian对dui的de情qingkuang比bi这zhe更有趣。

　　虽然sui然ran一yi路lu难jian难nuo，但dan有youliao远yuan方fang赶gan到lan的de朋友pengyou，团tuan队dui依yiran做zuo成chengliao一yici勃bo起qi任ren务wu。

　　比bi如ru，胃wei粘nian膜mo的de表biang皮pi细xi细胞bao，负fu责ze分fen泌mi碱jian性xing粘zhan液ye中zhong和he胃wei酸suan，避免mian强qiang酸suan腐蚀shiwei壁bi。 但dan有you时shi，细xi胞baomen建jian制造zaode粘nian液ye屏pingzhang也ye不bu足zu以yi中zhong和he胃wei酸suan，粘nian膜mo层ceng受shou损伤sun，胃wei酸suan入ru侵qin，jiu有youliao胃wei溃kuiyang。假jia如ru胃wei酸suan连lian都闯chuang四si关guan，突tu破po最zui外waimiangdeang膜mo层ceng，jiu就是shi胃wei穿chuang。幽you门men螺luo旋xuan杆菌jun是shi导dao导致zhi胃wei溃疡yang的de一y个ge主zhu要yao原yuan因yin，但dan人ren类leide暴pu饮yin暴pu食yiiin、吸xi烟yan饮yin酒jiu、精jing神shen压ya力li等deng等deng也ye可ke以yi成cheng为wei帮助bang凶xiong。

　　根gen本ben没有you外wai敌di，shi杀sha手shout细xi胞bao在zai攻gong攻ji毛mao囊ng中lide正zheng常changbao｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》

　　来lai自zi细胞baode呐喊han，黑hei衣yi服fu是shi没有mo穿chuan制zhi服fude红hong细xi胞baoo｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》

　　随sui着zhuo剧ju情qing的de进入jin展zhan，这个ci人ren健jian康kang状zhuang状态kuang日ri下xia，细xi胞baomende工gong作zuo环huan境jing也ye越yue来lai越yue恶wuelie，不buyi依赖kao外wai部bu支zhi帮yuan几ji，无wu法fa平ping复fu接jie二er连lian三sandeweiji。这个zhe个ge周zhou末mo，本ben季ji动dong画hua即ji将jiang完成wan结jie，这个ci人ren可ke可以neng时shi日ri没有wuduo，细xi胞baomen也ye在zai战zhan战zhanjing等deng等deng。

　　[2] Burnett, A. L., Lowenstein, C. J., Bredt, D. S., Chang, T. S., & Snyder, S. H. (1992). Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science, 257(5068), 401-403.

　　一yi个ge细xi胞bao，不bu可以neng选择xuan选择zhai自己ji的de工gong作zuo。相xiang比bi之zhi下xia，身shen为wei人ren类lei的de各ge位wei，有you机ji会hui选择xuan选择zhai自己ji的de生sheng活huo习惯guan，这zhe是shi一yijian。

　　[5] Gilhar, A., Shalaginov, R., Assy, B., Serafimovich, S., & Kalish, R. S. (1999, December). Alopecia areata is a T-lymphocyte mediated autoimmune disease: lesional human T-lymphocytes transfer alopecia areata to human skin grafts on SCID mice. In Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings (Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 207-210). Elsevier.

　　[3] Carvajal, J. A., Germain, A. M., Huidobro‐Toro, J. P., & Weiner, C. P. (2000). Molecular mechanism of cGMP‐mediated smooth muscle relaxation. Journal of cellular physiology, 184(3), 409-420.

　　yao说shuo细xi胞baomen还huan有you什shi吗yao没有mo提ti醒xing到daodeshi，我wo来lai补buchong一yi下xian：假jia如ru不bu以yi繁殖pohi为wei目mu标biao，还huan是shi戴dai套tao比bijiao好hao。

　　编bian编ji：Odette

　　如果ru有you需要xu需要yao请qing联lian系xisssssssss@guokr.com　　红hong细xibao完成wan成cheng勃bo起qi任ren务wu之zhi后hou，白bai细xi胞bao被pi奇qi怪guaide东dongxi缠住了zhuliaou｜《工gong作zuo细xi胞baoblack》

　　本ben报bao讯xun不bu久jiu前qian，央yang视shi“面mian对dui面mian”重zhong磅pang报bao道dao，liao医yi生sheng李li培pei刚gang，这zhe个ge据ju说cheng只zhi用yong手shou就jiu可ke以yi让rang截jie瘫tan病bing人ren站zhan起qilaide“神shen医yi”在zai社she会hui上shang引yin起liao强qiang烈liede争zheng议yi。当dang媒体mei体ti对dui这个ci位weishen医yi进入jin行xing调zhou查zha和he讨论lun之zhi时shi，7月yue4日ri，国guo内nei300多duo名为ming脊ji髓sui损伤sunshang等deng领导ling域yude医yi学xuezhuanjia来lai到dao呼hu市shi，在zai内nei蒙古gujin江jiang国guo际jiu大da酒jiu店dian开kai展zhan，liao一yi场chang真zhen正zhengde关guan在yu让rang那neie截jietan和hetan瘫痪huan的de病bingren重zhong新xin站zhan，

　　□实shi习xijizhe 刘liu惠hui

　　脊ji髓sui损sun伤shang专zhuan业ye委wei员yuan会hui副pi主zhu任ren委wei员yuan关guan亥hua在zai会hui议yi中zhong表biao显示shi，这个ci次ci交jiao流liu讨论lun会hui，要yao集ji合he国guo内nei与tong仁ren的de经jing验yan和he技jizhu，探索tan讨论tao更geng为wei有you效xiaode治zhiao办ban法fa，让rang更有geng多duo的de患者zhe可以在zai更有geng短duande时，shi间jian全quan面mian康kang复fu。　　在zai为wei期qi2天tiandetao论lun会hui中zhong，专zhuan家jiamen就jiu人ren体ti各ge部bu位weidetiji髓suisun伤shang和ji康kang复fu做zuo，jing验yan交jiao流liu和he讨tao论lun，治zhi疗liao实shi练jian表biao明ming，只有jin通tong通过guo按an摩moo、推tui拿na，不bu用yong打开kai刀dao，不bu用yong吃chi药yao，shi难nuo用yi恢复hui复fu功gong能nengde，脊ji髓sui损sun伤shang程cheng度duo是wei3%-9%的de患者huanzhe，当zai半ban年nian到dao一yi年nian时，shi间jian内nei可ke自zi然ran恢复huifu，让rang更geng为wei严yan重zhong的de截jie瘫Tangbing人ren重zhong新xin站zhan起qilai，需要xu要yao通过jing通过guo一yi系列xi系列lie的de手shou和he治zhi治疗liao才能caike恢hui复fu。